Nasogastric tube feeding, commonly known as NG tube feeding, is the predominant method for providing enteral nutrition to patients who cannot consume food orally. This involves a thin tube passed through the nose, down the esophagus, and into the stomach. While alternative methods like Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy exist, NG tubes are estimated to be used for over 97% of long-term care patients requiring enteral feeding in Singapore, a trend likely mirrored in home care settings.
With proper training from healthcare professionals, family caregivers can safely manage daily NG tube feeding at home. Their crucial responsibilities encompass food preparation, the feeding process, tube care, and vigilant monitoring for complications.
Key Steps for Caregivers in Home NG Tube Feeding
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Food Preparation:
The diet consists of liquid formulations, as prescribed by a doctor or dietitian. Families may use ready-made formulas or prepare blended meals themselves, ensuring the food is cooled to a comfortable temperature before administration.
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The Feeding Process:
Success requires following a trained procedure: position the patient upright, verify correct tube placement, check for residual gastric content, and administer the food or medication slowly using a syringe. Finally, the tube must be flushed with water.
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Tube Care:
Flushing the tube with warm water before and after each feed—and after medications—is essential to prevent blockages and infections. The adhesive securing the tube to the nose should be changed regularly.
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Hygiene:
Meticulous hygiene prevents contamination and diarrhoea. Caregivers must wash hands thoroughly, wear a mask during feeding, and clean around the nasal site. Prepared food should be used promptly according to guidelines.
Recognizing and Responding to Common Complications
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Tube Displacement or Blockage:
Signs include coughing, food regurgitation, or very slow flow during feeding. Never reinsert a displaced tube at home. Seek immediate medical help for displacement or blockages.
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Leakage:
Fluid seeping from the tube indicates a likely crack, requiring professional examination and replacement.
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Gastric Issues:
Bloating, constipation, diarrhoea, or vomiting can occur. Manage by controlling feeding rate and volume, providing supplements and fluids, and monitoring hydration. Seek help if symptoms persist.
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Aspiration (Medical Emergency):
This severe complication occurs if food enters the airways. Signs include food in the mouth, rapid breathing, or wheezing. Immediately sit the patient up and call for emergency medical assistance.
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Infection:
Fever, diarrhoea, or mouth sores may signal an infection from contamination or a blocked tube, necessitating prompt medical attention.
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Skin Irritation:
Redness or damage around the nose from the adhesive tape can often be managed by adjusting the tape or using a hypoallergenic type.
In summary, while NG tube feeding at home demands careful attention to procedure, hygiene, and monitoring, caregivers equipped with proper training and knowledge can effectively ensure safe and comfortable nutrition for their loved ones, promptly seeking professional help when complications arise.
Post time: Dec-15-2025